Update doctest to version 2.4.12 #4696

Job	Run time
macos-14_clang++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	9m 11s
copyright_check	14s
macos-13_clang++_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	13m 40s
codespell	2m 28s
python_module_test_ubuntu_latest	47s
macos-15_clang++_cxx17_debug_preview=ON	11m 38s
ubuntu-24.04-arm_g++-14_cxx20_debug_preview=ON	13m 43s
ubuntu-24.04-arm_clang++_cxx20_release_preview=ON	14m 58s
examples_clang-format	18s
examples_ubuntu-22.04_g++_cxx17_release_preview=ON	4m 1s
ubuntu-22.04_g++_cxx17_release_preview=ON	16m 24s
windows_11_arm_cl2022_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	19m 42s
examples_macos-15_clang++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	4m 9s
ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	21m 6s
examples_ubuntu-24.04_g++_cxx20_debug_preview=ON	4m 54s
doc_examples_ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx20_relwithdebinfo	1m 2s
examples_windows_cl2022_cxx17_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	5m 42s
examples_ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	4m 11s
windows_cl2022_cxx17_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	16m 19s
windows_cl2022_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	16m 57s
ubuntu-22.04-arm_g++_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	18m 37s
examples_windows_11_arm_cl2022_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	6m 32s
doc_examples_windows-2022_cl_cxx20_relwithdebinfo	1m 47s
documentation	0s
pages	-1s
	3h 28m 19s

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